Most important question set on the sterilization methods - all method

 

Most important question set on the sterilization methods-all method

1. The process which destroys all microbial life including spores is called:

a. Antiseptic          b. Disinfection

c. Sterilization       d. Disinfection

2. The disadvantage of a hot air oven is:

a. Not effective                 

b. Costly

c. Damages articles          

d. No penetrating  power

3. True about formaldehyde disinfection of room is :

a. Room closed for 6-12 hrs.         

b. Effective at 80-90% humidity

c. Effective at high-temperature                 

d. Above all

4. Ideally, bedpans and urinals are sterilized using :

a. Steam         b. Bleaching powder

c. 1% cresol    d. above all

5. All are suitable for disinfection of feces and urine except: 

a.1-2% formalin      

b. 8% bleaching powder

c. 5% cresol            

d. 10% crude phenol

6. The strength of alcohol with good antiseptic action is :

a. 100%         b. 70%

c. 90%            d. 50% 

 [alcohol is isopropyl alcohol]

7. Lippes ‘ loop can be disinfected by:

a. Cetrimide 1-2% for 15 minute                     

b. Normal strength savlon for 20 minute

c. Savlon 1 in 20 aqueous for 10 minute         

d. Savlon 1 in 6 sprit for 3 minutes

8. Most effective skin antiseptic is:

a. Dettol          b. Alcohol

c. Alcohol solution of chlorhexidine                       

d. Hexachlorphane

9. Savlon contains:

a. Dettol and cetavlone                        

b. Cresol and hibitane

c. Cetavlone and hibitane                      

d. Dettol and hibitane

10. Gamma irradiation is used to sterilize:

a. Linen        b. Surgical instruments

c. Glass syringes    d. Disposable material

11. Which of the following is a cresol emulsion?

a. Savlone         b. Dettol

c. Hibitane        d. Lysol

12. an ideal method for sterilization of linen is by:

a. Autoclaving       b. Boiling

c. Use of chemicals    d. Gamma irradiation

13. Glass vessels and syringes are best sterilized by :

a. Autoclaving                                     

b. Infrared irradiation

c. Hot air oven                                       

d. Ethylene oxide

14. The most effective sterilizing agent is:

a. Hot air oven       b. Dettol

c. Steam under pressure    d. Boiling

15. Substances that suppress or neutralize bad odors are:

a. Deodorant    b. Detergent

c. Coolant          d. Disinfectant

16. Sharp instruments are sterilized  by:

a. Autoclaving      b. Cidax

c. Hot air oven    d. 20% Lysol

17. Stool is best disinfected by:

a. Formaldehyde                                              

b. Bleaching powder

c. Cetrimide                                                         

d. Phenol

18. The required amount of bleaching powder necessary to disinfect  stool is :

a. 75gm/litre       b. 25gm/litre

c. 100gm/litre     d. 50gm/litre

19. Disposal syringes are sterilized by:

a. Lysol          b. Boiling

c. Ethylene oxide      d. Autoclaving

20. The antiseptic which shows the cumulative effect on the skin is:

a. Hexachlorphane                                         

b. Chlorohexidine

c. Cresol                                                                                

d. Lysol

21. Liquid paraffin  can be sterilized by:

a. Hot air oven        b. Boiling

c. Ionising radiation                                          

d. Autoclaving

22. Concentration of cresol for disinfecting infected sputum is:

a. 3.5%            b. 1.5%

c. 5.0%            d. 2.5%

23. Catgut is sterilized by :

a. Steam under pressure                                              

b. Hot air oven

c. Ethylene oxide                                              

d. Gamma irradiation

24. Cheapest disinfectant is :

a. chlorhexidine       b. Lime

c. Iodine                                                                               

 d. Sodium hypochlorite

25. Boiling for 5-10 minute kills:

a. Virus          b. Bacteria

c. Spores       d. None of above

26. Substance that prevents the growth of microorganisms is called:

a. Sterilization           b. Disinfectant

c. Antiseptic             d. Detergent

27. Formaldehyde is effective against all except:

a. Many viruses            b. Fungi

c. Vegitative bactreria            

d. Acid-fast bacilli

28. Dettol is :

a. Chlorhexidine        b. Cetrimide

c. Chloroxylenol         

d. Hexachlorphane

29. Spores are killed by:

a. Autoclaving               b. Formalin

c. Bleaching powder     d. 70% alcohol

30. The disinfectant  recommended for sterilizing infant  feeding bottles is :

a. 1-2% iodine solution

b. Savlon 5%

c. Freshly prepared sodium hypochlorite solution

d. 5% bleaching powder solution

31. Hospital refuse is best disposed of by:

a. Composting            b. Burial

c. Controlled tripping     d. Incineration

32. Safest and most  viable method of disinfection is:

a. Steam under pressure                                               

b. Gamma irradiation

c. Boiling                                                               

d. Hot air

33. The  only useful antiseptics, with sporicidal action, are:

a. Halogens                                                         

b. Chlorhexidine

c. Phenol related compounds                      

d. Quaternary ammonia compounds

34. The advantage of betadine   over tincture iodine is:

a. Effective       b. Cheap

c. Does not stain skin           

d. Quick action

35. Temperature of hot air oven is:

a. 160-180 degrees C                                        

b. 80-100 degrees C

c. 180-220 degrees C                                          

d. 100-150 degrees C

36. The following are true about PHENOL except:

a. Pure phenol is used as a standard  to compare the bacteria

b. 10% crude phenol is useful  to disinfect feces

c. Effective against gram-positive  and gram –ve bacteria

d. Readly inactivated by organic matter

37. For sterilizing, a Hot air oven is not suitable,

a. Dressings         b. Rubber

c. Swabs             d. Glassware

38. Pasteurization of milk is an example of:

a. Absolute disinfection                                

b. Concurrent disinfection

c. Precurrent disinfection                             

d. Terminal disinfection

39. The contact period for the disinfectant activity of  Dettol is:

a. 4 minutes           b. 30 minute

c. 50-minute         d. 15 minute

40. The following can be sterilized by autoclaving except:

a. Plastics               b. Dressings

c. Culture media     d. Gloves

41. Disinfectant action of sunlight is particularly due to:

a. Infrared rays                                                

b. Heating effect

c. Formation of ozone                                     

d. Ultraviolet rays

42. Instruments and linen  are sterilized by high-temperature autoclave at:

a. 100degree C     b. 122degree C

c. 80degree C        D. 60degree C

JUST REMEMBER FOR U

 

Drugs and their ANTIDOTES 

1. Heparin----Protamine sulfate

2. Warfare-----Vitamin K

3. Copper sulfate ----Potassium ferrocyanide/Penicillamine

4.Atropine And Belladona-----Physostigmine/Neostigmine

5. Digitalis-----Magnesium sulfate, Potassium chloride

6. Iron/Ferrous sulfate ---Desferrioxamine

7.Iodine----Sodium bicarbonate

8. Lead-------Gastric lavage with magnesium sulfate

9. Pethidine, Morphine-----Naloxone

10.Paracetamol----N-acetylcysteine (NAC)

11. Phenothiazines----Noradrenaline, benztropine

12.Benzodizepine-----Flumazenil

13. Carbon  monoxide----100% oxygen

14. Cyanide----Sodium  thiosulphate

15. Isoniazide----Pyridoxine

16.Lead---- CaNa₂ EDTA[ where CaNa₂   is calcium disodium]

17. Mercury ----Dimercaprol

18Methanol----Ethanol

19. Mushroom---- Atropine

20.Opiod analgesics—Naloxone

21. Oral anticoagulant---Vitamin K

22.Organophosphates---Atropine/pralidocxine

23. Universal antidote---Activated charcoal

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Largest/longest in the human body

*Longest bone----Femur

*Largest muscle---Gluteus Maximus

*Longest muscle---Sartorius

*Largest gland----liver

*Largest regeneration power—in liver

*Hardest /largest salivary gland---parotid glands

*Largest WBC---monocyte

*Largest vein---Inferior vena cava

*Largest artery---Abdominal aorta

*Longest artery---Abdominal aorta

*Longest nerve---sciatic

*Glands emergency----Adrenal glands

*Largest endocrine gland—thyroid

*Longest cell in the body----nerve cell

*Largest cranial nerve---trigeminal 

SMALLEST

*Bone---stapes[middle ear]

*muscle---stapedius

*Minimum regeneration power----in brain

*WBC----lymphocyte

*cranial nerve----trochlear

*Endocrine gland----pituitary gland

JUST SEE AND Memorize

#.The most common complaint of  IUD insertion is ---bleeding

#Most common cause of blindness----Cataract

#BMI is-------Weight[kg]/Height square[m]2

#AIDS  is called ----Slim disease

# The only  communicable disease  of humans that

Is always deadly------Rabies

#Chandler-  index for Hookworm is----Average no. of eggs per gm of stool

#SARS is caused by -----the Corona virus

#Inability to drink is a sign of ----Very severe disease

#Positive sick test  indicates----Susceptible  to Diphtheria

#Hundred days cough ------Whooping cough [Pertusis]

#Rash in chickenpox----dewdrop and pleomorphic

#Smallox was declared eradicated on---8 May 1980

#Sensitivity identifies-----true positive

#Action taken prior to the onset of disease----primary prevention

#Early diagnosis and treatment  are-----secondary prevention

#Bleaching powder contains------33% available chlorine

#Most effecting sterilizing agent is ----Autoclave

#First vaccine to be discovered ------Smallpox vaccine

#First case to come to the notice of investigator----index case

#Iatrogenic disease----Physician induced

#Prevalence-------proportion[new+old cases]

#Prevalence/duration[P/D] is----incidence

#Life expectancy------Mortality indicator[positive health indicator] 

#HDI[Human Development Index]------Knowledge[literacy and mean years of schooling income and longevity [life expectancy at birth]

#Maximum tolerable level of nitrates in water----50mg/liter

#Horrock’s Apparatus-----chlorine demand estimation

#Pulse with highest protein content-----Soyabean[43%]

#Oligospermia-------<20 million /HPF sperm count

# Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the most common opportunistic infection  in HIV

#DOC of cholera in pregnancy----Furazolidone

#8th-day disease-----Tetanus neonatrum

#Killing power of disease-----Case Fatality Rate

#MMR is a ----Ratio

#Most common occupational cancer----Skin cancer

#Best approach for arthropod control----Environmental control

#Water seal insanitary latrine is----- 2cms

#Anemometer  measure-------Air velocity

#Residual level of chlorine in water----0.5mg multiply contact period 1 hrs.

#Disinfecting action of chlorine in water, due to----Hypochlorous Acid

#IQ-----Mental age/chronological age×100

#Phosphatase test is done for----Efficiency of pasteurization

Underweight for Age---- is the 1^st indicator of PEM

#Best among food protein----Egg

#Soyabean contains----43.2% protein

#Optimum level of fluorine intake---0.5-0.8mg/liter of water

#Adult pregnant females are anemic if----HB<11gm%

#Normal protein requirement-----1gm/kg/day

#Rchest source of vitamin C---Amla[Indian gossebery]

#Richest source of vitamin A/D is --Halibut liver oil

#Most important essential fatty acid is ---Linoleic  Acid

#Most sensitive indicator of growth among children--Weight

#Contraceptive failure /Efficacy is measured by---Pearl index

#SSPE is seen in----Measles

#Weight of newborn triples in ---1 year

#Most abundant Ig in breast milk---Ig A

#MDR TB is resistance on ----Isoniazid and Rifampicin

#Ideal contraceptive for newly married couple--- Combined OCPs

#In ORS, sodium absorption is due to ---Glucose

#Hydatid cyst is most commonly seen in ---Liver

#Amlifier host of Japanese Encephalitis---Pigs

#Acerodematitis enteropathica is due to a deficiency of—Zinc

#HIV mainly affects cell type---T-cells[CD4]

#Koplik’s spot is seen in ----Measles

#Infective stage of plasmodium-----Sporozoite

#Best method to prevent nosochemical---Hand Washing

#Most common food poisoning----Staphylococcus

#Carcinoma protected by OCPs---Ovarian carcinoma

#Most common side effect of DMPA----Irregular menstruation

#Drug  of choice for scabies----5% permethrin

       BMI[Body Mass Index] 

Body mass index[ BMI] is a simple index of weight-for-height that is commonly  used to classify Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity---- by the WHO

 BMI  =WEIGHT[kg]/Height [meter]2

.BMI  less than 18.50 is ---Underweight

.BMI 18.50 -24.99 is ----Healthy weight

.BMI 25.00-29.99 is----Overweight

.BMI 30 or more is ---Obese

BONUS QUESTION  AND  ANSWER

1. In an epidemic, the first to be done is:

a. Evaluation of ecological factors

b. Identify the population at risk

c. Confirm the diagnosis

d. Confirmation of the existence of an epidemic

2. The importance of defining ‘population at risk ‘in an epidemic to:

a.Calculate attack rates                               

b. Search for deaths

c. Prepare case sheet                                      

d. Conduct survey

3. Objective of epidemic investigation is:

a. To identify the cause and source of infection

b. To define the magnitude of an epidemic outbreak

c. To define factors responsible for the occurrence of epidemic

d. Above all

4. In an investigation of an epidemic, the following steps  be taken, except:

a. Study of ecologic factors

b. Isolation of cases

c. Confirm that the epidemic exists

d. Confirm the diagnosis

5. The area is declared free of an epidemic:

A.No new cases were reported for twice the incubation period of the disease since the last case

b.No new cases reported for the incubation period of the disease since the last case

c. No new cases reported for six months since the last case

d. Till the last secondary case recovers

6. Community intervention  studies are:

a. Correlational study                          

b. Field trials

c. Cross-sectional study                        

d. Cohort study

7. The following disease is more common in rural areas:

a. Chronic bronchitis                           

b. Lung cancer

c. Drug dependence                             

d. Zoonotic diseases

8. Host factor strongly  related to the disease is:

a. Marital status          b. Occupation

c. Sex                           d. Age

8. Influenza pandemics occur at intervals of:

a. 2-3 yrs.                                            

b.10-12 yrs.

c. 3-4 yrs.                                             

D. 7-10 yrs.

9. All are true about attack rate except:

a.Reflects the extent of the epidemic

b. Expressed as %

c. Used when the population is exposed to risk for a limited period of time

d. It is a type of prevalence rate

10. Odd ratio is derived from:

a. Randomised trial                            

b. Cross-sectional study

c. Cohort study                                     

d. Case-control study

11. Case-control studies are:

A. Cross sectional studies                   

b. Retrospective studies

c. Prospective studies                         

d.NONE

12. Randomized controlled trial is a type of :

a. Cohort study                                    

b. Experimental study           

c. Descriptive study                              

d. Case-control study

13. Experimental epidemiology deals with:

a. Screening of disease                       

b. Intervention

c. Early diagnosis                                

d. Epidemics

14. Man is the obligate host for:

a. KFD                  b. Measles

c. Rabies             d. Malaria

15. All are contagious diseases except:

a. Leprosy           b. Scabies

c. Trachoma        d. Malaria

16. Natural habitat in which the organism metabolizes and replicates is:

a. Vector                                            

b. Carrier

c. Reservoir                                        

d. Source of infection

17. Subclinical infection is not seen in:

a. Measles                                          

b. Rubella

c. Poliomylities                                     

d. Diphtheria, Mumps

18. Gall bladder disease is associated with a chronic carrier state of:

a. Hepatitis B           b. Amoebiasis

c. Malaria                 d. Typhoid fever

19. Birds  act as a reservoir for:

a. Chlamydia         b. Arbovirus disease

c. Histoplasmosis       d. Above all

CONCLUSION

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